Paper open access kaplan turbine working as a propeller. Propeller turbine vs kaplan turbine turbine machines scribd. The kaplan runner, similar to the francis runner, also should be. A prototype turbine for installation on a new zealand farm was developed from model tests. The rotational force that these machines produce is most commonly used to generate electrical power and, to a lesser extent, deliver mechanical work. It is an axialflow turbine, which means that the flow direction does not change as it crosses the rotor.
So, the working principle of this turbine is, according to newtons law, a force is directly proportional to the change in momentum. Difference between pelton, francis and kaplan turbines. Hence, these are the parameter changes that has to be incorporated in converting a francis turbine to kaplan turbine. Propeller turbine vs kaplan turbine turbine machines. Austrian engineer viktor kaplan 18761934 invented this turbine. Propeller and kaplan turbines propeller and kaplan turbines are axial. Turbines are sometimes differentiated on the basis of the type of inlet flow, whether the inlet velocity is in axial direction, radial direction or a combination of both.
Before talking about the differences lets see some similarities 1. The turbine may have gates to control the angle of the fluid flow into the blades. This kaplan turbine is one of the first three machines to be put into service in the united states. Named for its austrian inventor, viktor kaplan 18761934, the turbine was an outstanding innovation, operating with a high, nearly constant efficiency over a wide load range. Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with. The paper presents efficiency and cavitation prediction in a 6blade kaplan turbine. Two ways of converting kaplan to propeller are possible. Fixed propellertype turbines are generally used for large units at low heads, resulting in large diameters and slow rotational speeds. Kaplan turbine the kaplan turbine is a great development of early 20th century. The turbine efficiency curve calculation is based on rated head design gross head less. I can say that there is not much different in propeller and kaplan turbine. The type of turbine is entered by the user based on its suitability to the available head and flow conditions.
The turbine has a hub diameter to blade tip diameter ratio of 0. Efficiency of kaplan turbine is higher than francis turbine. The kaplan turbine has adjustable runner blades and may or may not have adjustable guidevanes. The kaplan turbine i s a reaction type which is suitable for low pressure hydropower plants and can be used with big discharges. A propeller turbine belongs to a group of machines that convert fluid or gas flow energy into rotational motion. Functions of spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, blade pitching and draft tube. What is the difference between a kaplan and a propeller. Tests show that guide vanes tend to cause energy losses in this type of turbine. Pdf thanks to their ability to adjust automatically the guide vane and runner blades position, the use of kaplan turbines is advantageous. Axial flow turbines are available with both fixed blades. This turbine is therefore suitable for certain runofriver generating stations where the river flow varies considerably. Both turbines produced power due to both kinetic energy and pressure energy. Francis turbine is a mixed hydraulic turbine the inlet velocity has radial and tangential components while the kaplan turbine is an axial hydraulic turbinethe inlet velocity has only axial velocity component.
Other articles where propeller turbine is discussed. As this description indicates, these machines fall into two basic categories. The turbine having a propeller shaped runner is known as propeller turbine, which is an axially flow reaction turbine. This kaplan turbine was developed in 19 by viktor kaplan, an austrian professor. This operates in an entirely closed conduit to tailrace.
Instead of displacing the water axially using shaft power and creating axial thrust, the axial force of water acts on the blades of kaplan turbine and generating shaft power. In his design, he combined automatically adjusted propeller blades and automatically adjusted wicket gates to obtain efficiency over a wide range of water flow and water level. It is the casing in which guides the water and control the water passage. Semikaplan features fixed guidevanes and are singleregulated. May 19, 2020 the most common of these larger water driven turbines is the kaplan turbine. Propeller and kaplan turbines california institute of.
Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with propeller turbine, pp. Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine with adjustable blades. May 02, 20 with help of 3d animation working and design aspects of a kaplan turbine is elaborated in this video lecture. With help of 3d animation working and design aspects of a kaplan turbine is elaborated in this video lecture. Different types of propeller turbines exist, including bulb turbine, kaplan, straflo, and tube turbines.
Estimation of the water flow rate the water flow rate q can be estimated in different ways but a more suitable method could be measuring. Evolution from francis turbine to kaplan turbine wikipedia. Modelling and analysis of a very low head kaplan turbine. Kaplan turbine propeller type hydro power generator plants. No guide vanes are needed, and the propeller blades are fixed. Hydraulic turbinetypes, working, advantages, disadvantages, pdf. Most of the turbines developed earlier were suitable for large heads of water. This fixed blade, axial flow turbine may be considered as the prototype form of a propeller turbine, itself a forerunner of the kaplan turbine. Although there are some disadvantages of the kaplan turbine and those are. Kaplan turbine has propeller like blades but works just reverse. Different types of propeller turbines exist, including bulb turbine, kaplan, straflo, and. The propeller turbine can be employed economically when it has to. Layout of kaplan turbine at jhang branch canal in punjab, pakistan. Some features of the low head kaplan turbine are the following turbine runner diameter d 1.
The fm63 consists of a framework base which houses a large water reservoir and a circulating pump. The best efficiency of the model turbine was 62%, with an efficiency of 57% at the best power point. The application of propeller turbines is in systems with low water heads. Its moving part runner is a propeller, similar to those that push ships and submarines through water. A self contained, smallscale propeller turbine unit. Difference between propeller turbine and kaplan turbine with reference to their runner blades. The kaplan is of the propellertype, similar to an airplanepropeller. A kaplan turbine is a type of water turbine, developed around 1915 by the austrian engineer viktor kaplan 18761934, that has two or more blades, the pitch of which is adjustable. First, a theoretical design was performed for determining the main characteristics where it showed an efficiency of 94%. Our kaplan turbines also keep the environment in mind. Kaplan turbine with adjustable blades or a propeller turbine with adjustable guide. Propeller turbine has fixed runner blades whereas the kaplan turbine is just a propeller turbine in which the runner blades are made adjustable.
In 19, an austrian professor viktor kaplan who developed this turbine combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level. It was developed in 19 by austrian professor viktor kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level. Heliciel the site is dedicated to the design of propellers, so only to turbine design type bulbs, straflo, propeller or kaplan, using propellers turbines to turn the hydraulic power into mechanical power, will be detailed. Kaplan turbine is employed, where a large quantity of water is available. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel avestia. The axial turbines include the kaplan, bulbs and propeller turbines reaction. The kaplan turbine is a propeller type water turbine which has adjustable blades. S type kaplan turbinechongqing hydropower equipment. The kaplan variant features pitch adjustable blades leading to efficiency levels typically in excess of 90 percent in a wide range of water level and flow conditions.
Object oriented modelling and simulation of kaplan turbines diva. Internet\fromowenjul10\itdg propeller turbine research. Kaplan turbine is a propeller type reaction turbine. It was developed in 19 by austrian professor viktor kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level the kaplan turbine was an evolution of the francis turbine. This turbine was developed in the year 19 by viktor kaplan, who was a austrian professor. Propeller hydro turbine software free download propeller. Generally, this kind of turbine has an axial flow runner that has three to six blades based on the water head that the turbine is designed to be utilized. Design of propeller turbine for micro hydro power station. If we are positioned on a blade, the axial velocity, combined with the speed of rotation of the turbine, produces a resulting velocity perceived by the blade, which angle increases with the rotation speed. Referring to figure, which is an adapted graph based on efficient kaplan turbine design, the tip. Difference between francis and kaplan turbine pdf 23. The position of the shaft is only in the vertical direction. Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine.
The pico propeller turbine uses a closed scroll casing that directs water onto the propeller. The propeller and kaplan are propeller shaped axial flow reaction turbine in which the water flows parallel to the axis of the shafts. As the name suggests, a propellertype turbine runner looks like the very large propeller of a ship except that it serves the opposite purpose. Turbine selection criteria for small hydropower development. Propeller and kaplan turbines are axial flow machines in which the flow through the runner is predom inantly axial. The kaplan is of the propeller type, similar to an airplane propeller. A kaplan turbine is basically a propeller with adjustable blades inside a tube. The reaction turbines are thompson, francis, kaplan, fourneyron and propeller turbine. The efficiency of the kaplan turbine is very high as compares with other types of hydraulic turbines. The vertical configuration of the kaplan turbine allows for larger runner diameters above 10 m and increased unit power, as compared to bulb turbines. Pdf design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel.
Estimation of the water flow rate the water flow rate q can be estimated in different ways but a. The efficiency of a turbine is highly influenced by its runner wheel and this work aims to study the design of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Pdf cavitation prediction in a kaplan turbine using. Propeller turbine vs kaplan turbine free download as powerpoint presentation. Classification of turbines the low head kaplan turbine at the jhang branch canal in punjab, pakistan is a micro hydro power turbine. The operating water head of a francis turbine ranges from 40 to 600m. Propeller turbine for use with the mfp101 centrifugal pump module. The pico propeller turbine uses a closed scroll casing that directs water onto. Water is directed tangentially through the wicket gate and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner, causing it to spin. Kaplan and propeller turbine the kaplan turbine is a propeller type water turbine, which has adjustable blades. Stype tubular turbine is available in versions of horizontal kaplan, semikaplan and propeller, also called stype horizontal kaplan, stype semikaplan and stype propeller. It is also called as propeller turbine and evolved from the francis turbine. In his design, he combined automatically adjusted propeller blades and guided vanes to obtain efficiency over a wide range of water flow. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application.
Kaplan turbine propeller type hydro power generator plants suitable for low head 2 to 50 m and high flow rate 1 m3s to 60 m3s. Kaplan and propeller turbine are axialflow turbines, generally used for low heads. Finally, the kaplan turbine, which resembles a boat propeller, is flooded from the top and spins as the water drops by its pitched blades. This modern turbine is characterized by high efficiency in a broad band of flow rates.
The study is a result of a collaboration between the university of trieste italy and kolektor turboinstitut. The inlet guidevanes can be opened and closed to regulate the amount of flow that can pass through the turbine. If both blades and guidevanes are adjustable, the turbine is a full kaplan and doubleregulated. The successful development of the kaplan turbine was a major achievement for remote. It is a very common turbine and works best with high flow rates. Kaplan turbines are low head, high flow, reaction units used in most large hydroelectric installations.
Its similar to the propeller turbine, except that its blades are adjustable. The hydraulic power of the site and the power generated. Developed in 19 by the austrian professor viktor kaplan. General differences between francis and kaplan turbines. Kaplan turbine the kaplan turbine is a greatdevelopment of early 19thcentury. Turbine armour for kaplan straflo turbinepower plant in albbruck. Is also an axial flow reaction turbine in which water flows in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. With a double regulation system, kaplan turbines provide high efficiency over a broad range of configurations. Net turbine 7 is a web server tool that integrates dynamic content into flash rich media, allowing a clean separation between presentation and content and simplifying the creation of sophisticated rich media web sites with large amounts of. Kaplan turbine is designed for low water head applications. Kaplan turbine is a low headturbine and used for heads ofless than 80 meters. Use of picopropeller turbine in the micro hydro plants further.
The propeller turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, similar to a kaplan design, but with fixed blades. The kaplan turbine is a propeller turbine, with moving blades. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Kaplan turbine, propeller turbine and bulb turbine. Kaplan turbine it is an axial flow reaction turbine. It consists of spiral casing, guide mechanism and draft tube of kaplan turbine runner are similar to those of francis turbine. However, the exit velocity is axial in kaplan runner, while it is the radial one in all other runners. The lift is a force perpendicular to the velocity seen by the blade. What is the difference between a kaplan and a propeller turbine.